【目的】阐明鸭出血性卵巢炎病毒(DHOV-HB株)感染鸭后的病毒血症,为深入了解鸭出血性卵巢炎的发病机理、诊断和疫苗研究提供依据。【方法】24只250日龄北京鸭芯片标记后分别经口感染100倍稀释的DHOV-HB株(3×104ELD50),并设空白对照组15只,同等条件下分别在隔离器内饲养,逐日观察10日,各组每日经翅静脉采集10只鸭血液(尽可能采集同一只鸭血液),用于病毒分离和抗体测定。将攻毒后1—10 d的血清样本经卵黄囊途径接种6日龄SPF鸡胚,每份血清以0.1 m L/胚的剂量接种5枚SPF鸡胚,鸡胚接种后置于37℃条件下继续孵化,每日定时照胚2次,及时收获并统计24—168 h之内死亡的鸡胚,死亡鸡胚胚体经剪碎,研磨,离心后采用RT-PCR的方法检测病毒核酸,有1枚及1枚以上死亡鸡胚,且DHOV病毒核酸检测阳性,即将该鸭判为病毒分离阳性。同时采用中和试验测定攻毒后4—10 d的血清抗体,每个血清稀释度接种5枚SPF鸡胚。鸡胚接种途径及特异性死亡的判定方法同上。判定标准如下:血清原液保护80%(4/5)以上的鸡胚判为抗体阳性,保护20%—60%(1/5—3/5)的鸡胚判为抗体可疑,不保护鸡胚(0/5)判为抗体阴性。【结果】试验鸭感染DHOV后的病毒血症和免疫反应密切相关。感染后1—3 d,病毒血症出现并达到高峰,病毒分离均100%(10/10)阳性;4—6 d病毒分离率开始下降,分别为90%(9/10)、70%(7/10)和30%(3/10)阳性;7—10日血清中不再存在病毒,均为阴性(0/10)。中和试验结果表明攻毒后4 d,血清中病毒分离率下降的同时血清中即可能存在较低滴度的抗体,鸡胚死亡时间延后,此时抗体100%(10/10)阴性;攻毒后6 d的血清抗体80%(8/10)阴性,20%(2/10)可疑;攻毒后7 d 70%(7/10)阳性,10%(1/10)阴性,20%(2/10)可疑;攻毒后9 d 90%(9/10)阳性,10%(1/10)可疑;攻毒后10 d 100%(10/10)阳性。空白对照组血清病毒分离(1—10 d)和抗体检测(4—10 d)均为阴性。【结论】(1)
[Objective] To investigate the protective efficacy of currently available Newcastle disease vaccines against currently prevalent strains and thus provide guidance for the application of vaccines and the prevention and control of Newcastle disease. E Method] The 6-week-old SPF chickens were respectively inoculated with five live attenuated Newcastle disease vaccines （A, B, C, D, and E） at the dose of 1-fold or 0.01-fold usage via intranasal, intraocular or oral route. After 14 d post immunization, the titers of HI antibody were detected. And all the chickens were chal- lenged by Newcastle disease virus （NDV） FEo standard strain or the isolated wild strains, NDV-2007-HB and NDV-2008-YB. The clinical symptoms of chickens were continuously observed, and the morbidity and mortality were determined. [ Resalt] After 14 d post immunization, antibodies were induced at a protective level in chickens immunized with the five vaccines. As shown by the animal experiment, the five vaccines at the dose of 1-fold or 0.01-fold usage protected all vaccinated chickens from the death caused by NDV strain, and more than 90% of vaccinated chick- ens from the death caused by NDV-2007-HB strain, while the vaccines, A, B, and C, at the dose of 0.01 -fold usage protected more than 90% of vaccinated chickens from the death caused by NDV-2008-YB strain. E Conclusion] Under laboratory conditions, the currently available Newcastle disease vaccines have better protective efficacy against the two currently prevalent NDV strains and prevent the occurrence of Newcastle disease.
